Last updated on 29 Aug 2019 09:29 (cf. Authors)
Short description
Within NFR sub-category 5.C.2 - Open Burning of Waste, the German emissions inventory provides emissions from registered bonfires and other wooden materials burnt outdoors.
| NFR Code | Name of Category | Method | AD | EF | Key Category 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.C.2 | bonfires etc. | CS | Q | D, CS | L: PM2.5 |
With this submission, emissions from open burning of wood and green waste for traditional purposes, so-called bonfires such as Easter fires, are reported for the first time.
In addition to biogenic carbon dioxide, emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, NMVOC, particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are covered so far.
Method
Emissions from bonfires are a key source for PM2.5, but in principle of minor priority.
A survey of the number of such bonfires was carried out by an expert survey (Wagner & Steinmetzer, 2018) [1] with questionnaires from municipalities and statistical projections for Germany for the year 2016.
The project has shown a declining trend since 1990. On the basis of expert judgement, a further reduction of emissions in the future is expected.
Activity data
Activity data for this category are based on data from a step by step calculation: After the evaluation of the questionaires an extrapolation of the volume and the number of bonfires was made for Germany. The median values of clusters of city-sizes were used for the calculation, resulting in the following values:_Table 1: Amount of bonfires in 2016, Research result of [1]
| fire | resulting number | resulting quantity in kt of wooden wastes |
|---|---|---|
| easter fires et. | 54,000 | 343.3 |
| other open burning of wood | 49,000 | 59.3 |
Emission factors
Emission factors used were taken from different sources:_Table 2: emissions factors of bonfires, all in kg/ t
| pollutant | figure | reference |
|---|---|---|
| CO | 58.0 | GB 2016 small combustion Table 3-6: Tier 1 emission factors for NFR source category 1.A.4.b, using biomass |
| NOx | 0.9 | Research results for charcoal |
| SO2 | 0.2 | Research results for charcoal |
| TSP | 17.0 | GB 2016 Forest fires, table 3-1, according 'wood burned' |
| PM10 | 11.0 | GB 2016 Forest fires, table 3-1, according 'wood burned' |
| PM2.5 | 9.0 | GB 2016 Forest fires, table 3-1, according 'wood burned' |
| BC | 0.81 | GB 2016 Forest fires, table 3-1, according 'wood burned' |
| PAH-Summe | 0.00339 | sum of single compounts |
| BaP | 0.0013 | Research results for charcoal |
| BbF | 0.0015 | Research results for charcoal |
| BkF | 0.0005 | Research results for charcoal |
| IxP | 0.00009 | Research results for charcoal |
Recalculations
As all emissions are reported for the first time, no further recalculations took place.
Planned improvements
At the moment, no category specific improvements are planned.